Ukubala Ukuthi Ngaphi Okungakho Lomusha Wokugcina Umsizi Wewoto Olukhulu

Ukuthiweko Kwamagenethelo Ayalesayensi

Iphrofeyile Yama-genethelo Yasayensi Kwisayensi Esintshangalayo

Izigaba zokwenza i-oksijeni zomno ye-industriya zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhloso, ngakho-ke lapho sikhuluma ngezindlini zokugcina amadoda, izindawo zokulwa komphakathi nezindawo zokwenza izinkimbini. Kwenyanani, lezi zinhlobo zokwenza i-oksijeni zihamba ekuhlanganiseni i-oksijeni kulesi hlaya bese zilungiselela lapho kudingeka, oku kuyindlela esenza ngqo izinto eziphatheni. Khumbula futhi lapho kubekwe imigwa yezinkumbane eziphakeme kuleli ndzawo zokuphila - ngokuphela kungaba khona isicelo esikhulu kune i-oksijeni endlini noma yikuphi enye into. Lokhu kungaba yisikhathi lapho izigaba zokwenza i-oksijeni zingaba yinto ekuwuselwa ngayo ukuba kungena amanzi ngaphandle kohlukahluka. Ngokwenza amathisela, lezi zinhlobo zokwenza i-oksijeni zincoma kakhulu ukuthuthukisa kwezimali nezimali zokusebenza. Ukunikezwa kwe-oksijeni ngokuphelele kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuleni izinto ezijwayelekile, ezinye izinhlobo zokuhanjiswa, nezinye izindawo zomno lapho i-oksijeni isetshenziswa. Uma kungena ukufinyelela kwe i-oksijeni, izindlela zokwenza amathisela zingaba zihlakaza, okungaba yinto anelungelo lwabantu.

PSA, VPSA kunye neCryogenic: Amalendzu Okuxhasa Lwesiphumo Sokho

Kwakhiwo amatholakale amathathu okungenisa i-oksijeni ngokomerciyali kuleli mini: I-Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), I-Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA), ne ndlela yamadlulwa cryogenic. Ake sijele kuma-PSA nokuba yindlela enobukhulu kakhulu yokwenza kusitolo ngoba ayikhethi imali. Lo ndlela ifuna ukuthi kuvumele amagugu kuma-matekhi akhethwe futhi aqaphele inyitrojeni ake iyaphumelela i-oksijeni, okwenze i-oksijeni eshishiywe kakhulu. Uma imikhiwo ineeda amatholakale amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, baya yisela kuma-VPSA. Lo ndlela isebenza kumaqondo amancane ngokulinganisa ne-PSA, okwenza kusebenze ngokungcono. Okunye kwezinhloso zayo yale ndlela kukuthola ukutholwa okungcono. Kungaba nezindlela cryogenic xa kudingeka amatholakale amakhulu kakhulu. Ngiyabonga, akunake amatholakale amakhulu kodwa kunezinkinga - kuthatha kakhulu kwezimali futhi kuthatha kakhulu ukusebenzisa ngokuba kudingeka ukuthi kuvumele kanye nezinto ezikhona kuma-tanki amakhulu. Imikhiwo yokudlulwa kufanele abe nokucaciswa okujulile ngokuthi yini ayidingayo, ngoba ukuthi kuthi kufanele ukutholakale kanye nezindlela kungaba yindlela yokuthi kusebenze ngendlela efanele futhi ayithathe imali engabi khona.

Amavuthi nokuhlola kweOxygen neRate yethente leNgesihlanu

Ukubuya Kwisokusemthethweni Sokuqala Lwesekisheni (90-99.5%)

Empeleni, izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka komoya-mpilo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhakha, kuye ngokuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezempilo, izikhungo zezokwelapha ngokuvamile zidinga umoya-mpilo onobumsulwa obungu-93% noma ngaphezulu ngoba i-FDA ibeka leyo mithetho. Odokotela nabahlengikazi bathembela kulokhu okuhlanzekile okushisayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze iziguli zingalimali ngenxa yokungcola. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitolo ezisebenza ngensimbi ngokuvamile zisebenza ngomswakama ohlanzekile phakathi kuka-90% no-95%. Lolo hlu lusebenza kahle ngokwanele eziko labo nakwezinye izinqubo ezisebenza ukushisa okukhulu ngaphandle kokuchitha imali ezintweni ezihlanzekile kakhulu okungekho muntu ozidingayo ngempela. Izitshalo zamakhemikhali zenza esinye isimo. Laba bakhiqizi bafuna amazinga okuhlanzeka aphakeme kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu kuka-99% ukuze kugwenywe ukungcola kwama-compound avumayo. Inani elincane le-nitrogen noma umswakama lingalimaza amaqoqo agcwele abiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi, okuchaza ukuthi kungani bechitha imali eningi kakhulu bethenga umoya-mpilo osezingeni eliphakeme naphezu kwezindleko.

Ukufanisa amazinga okugeleza nezidingo zokukhiqiza (5-10,000 NmÂ3/hr)

Xa kuxoxa ngemisebenzi yoksijeni yesimala, izindleko zokulayela kwi-Normal Cubic Meters per Hour (Nm³/hr) isenza ngokubaluleka kakhulu. Uma kube yimali le nqanaba le nqanaba, lovo yokwenza i-oksijeni kufake ukuphumelela kwezidingo evela kumgwaqo wesikole. Yeyiphi into engqongqosayo inqanaba le nqanaba? Kulungeke kakhulu kwehamba nje nezinga lempilo kanye neyimali xa sebenzisa i-oksijeni. Ngokuvumelana, xa uthatha umsebenzi wokulayela imikhumbi ngokukhulu, le ndawo ngokuvumelana kudinga kakhulu kwezinye izinto ezingama-10,000 Nm³/hr ukulayela ngokugcwele. Kodwa amakhampisi amancane kungaba akudinga ngaphansi kwezinye, kungaba kwezinye izinto ezingama-5 kuya kuma-200 Nm³/hr ngokulingana nezinga lesebenzi. Xa kune ukuphaphama phakathi kwezindleko zokulayela kanye nezidingo zomhlanje wesikole, izinkinga ziyacelisa ukuthi zingceke ngokushesha. Imibuzo etholakala khona yileyo xa kungena i-oksijeni engaphakathi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinkinga eziningi kwezokulayela kumaqo kanye nezinto ezingenakho ukulingana nezidingo. Ngakho ke ukwazi kahle ngezindleko zokulayela kanye nokuthi kufanele kuthunyelwe ngokulingana nezidingo zonke i-plant kudinga ukuthi kube yimali kakhulu uma kube yimali ukuthi amaphakamiso ayavela ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingizwakile.

Ukuphakamiswa kokuhlola kweenergy kunye nokusetyenziswa kokudla

Ukubonisa Ukuphakama Kwemoto Ngokuvamile Yezinto

Lokhu lapho uhlobo indlela zokwenza i-oksijeni fana nawo ngokulingana nokusebenza kwezimali, kuyindlela yokuba amathuluzi ahlawuleke. Iziphumo ze-PSA zihluka ngokusebenzisa amandla ngokwengeza, ngakho ke zisebenza kahle kumaqondo oza kungekho inqubomkono ephakeme. Ngokwesibindi, i-VPSA nezindlela ezijwayelekileyo ziyindlela abasebenzisa okukhulu abasebenzisa yazo lapho zihlala kakhulu kakhulu. Izinkomba zempi ziyabonakalisa ukuthi i-VPSA iyasebenza kahle kakhulu kumaqondo okuphakeme kanti na i-cryogenic iyasebenzisa amandla ngokwengeza kepha isebenza fisa lapho izilanda zidinga ukuphumelela okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, kunezinsizakwana ezifana nezimali, kunezinsizakwana ezilandelayo eziphathimandla. Umphathi wemathuluzi ongitholile ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-oksijeni efanele ayikhethi kakhulu izimali, kepha uyasebenza kakhulu ukuthi amandla akhuphe. Ngakho ke ukwenza izibalo ezifanele zokubuyela kwezinjani ngaphambi kokukhetha teknolojiwa yodwa kuyindlela yokuba kumakamu ayehle amathuluzi ukuthi abalance amathuluzi nezinsizakwana ezilandelayo eziphathimandla kumaqondo wokuphumelela kwezimali.

Ukhuhlelwaningo Lwesikhashana: Amagenerator ngokuba kanti ukuthiwe amakhompi ehlukene

Ukubheka ukuthi yini engqotshelwe ukulawulwa kwegeneretha yesijingo ngokulingana nokuthenga amacilinda kuphela kubonisa ukuthola kwezimali eziphezu kakhulu. Yebo, kunezimali ezingcono kufuneka kugcwalwe ngokushesha kugeza kwegeneretha, kepha izinkampani zithola izimali eziphezu kakhulu ngokudlule kwezinyanga ngenxa yokuthi azidingi ukusebenza ngokuphelele kumasevisi. Kunezindleko ezingaphelwa ezinhambisayo kamacilinda futhi, njengokuthwebula amathransport, amasithayela esikhombisa, futhi konke okungcono kokuthi kuhlolwe. Konke lezi zindleko zifaka kakhulu futhi zithatha kwezimali eziphezu. Abaningi bokwenza izinkampani babona ukuthi lapho bahlukanisa izimali ngeminyaka emitsha, izigeni zingaba yimali ezingcono ngenkathi zenza ubudlelwane bokusebenza. Futhi, akukho mbono ngembono yokuthi izindleko zokulawulwa zingakhumba ukuzuzwa. Kunezimpendulo eziphakeme kakhulu ezifakwe kwezinye izifundo. Ezinye izinkampani zibona ukuthi izindleko zayo zisempatheni yesijingo zingena kabili lapho zingena kumiselelo kahle. Lezi zimpendulo zibonisa ngempela ukuthi kungani abaningi bokwenza izinkampani baya kakhulu kugeza kwegeneretha noma kunezindleko ezingasheshe.

Iindlela Zokugcina nokusebenzela Isikhombiso

Amahhono amagcinane kwezilayithi ezidingiwe kusenokuthi uhlamvu lwezilayithi lokusebenza ngokushesha

Ukuthi yini indawo abakhulwa kuyo ifakelo lezokweyisa iyahlukile kakhulu xa kuvalelwa izokweyisa zokwenzeka PSA, VPSA units, noma izinhlayiya zokugcina. Ukuplanisa indawo iqala ngokubheka ukukhulu kwemikhumbi yekhono ngoba lokhu kuyakhiwa laphi kungakhona futhi kubangela yini indawo ofanele ivuleke. Ukufinyelela ekugcineni iyakhi kona into ebaluleke kakhulu engavunyelwa ngabantu ngoba kudingeka abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufinyelela kwezinhlayiya ngaphandle kokuthintana nezokwelashwa. Amakhodi wokuphepha kanye kudinga ukutholwa kwezindawo efanayo ngokwaleyo. Sibonile izilandlela zokuxhumana nezindlela zokwenza izinto zokuthi abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwezinhlayiya futhi banele ukufinyelela ekugcineni. Lokhu konke ukwenziwa kahle kuyakhiwa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha amakhodi wokuphepha.

I-Designs Zokubuyela Okuzimelela Umsindo

Inqubo yokudizaina modiwele ikuletha iziphumo ezinhle ngokuhamba ngokusebenza kwezimali kuzindlela zokwenza. Ngokuthi kunezinyathelo ezifakwayo modiwele, izinhlangano zingakwatha amandla wokukhiqiza uma kuhlela kwezimali ngaphandle kokuthiwa yonke indawo, ngakho ke abakhulu bezinga ukuthi baphumelela le ndlela. Ubuhle bezinhowo ezi modiwele bubelelwa kulo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe, ngakho abakhulu bakhokheleza kuphela kule ndawo ongithengeke ngalo masiko ngaphandle kokuthiwa kakhulu ngokokudinga. Thatha isikole sentaba yokunywa noma izinhlangano zokwenza izinhlanzi zokulima—zingeke ukuthi zifakwe modiwele ngeminyaka engama- yizindlela zokuba nendlela yokuthiwa kuthulile futhi kuzindlela zokukhiqiza kuzo kahle noma ngamaqembu. Ngaphandle kokuthiwa izindlela zokuthiwa izimali ezingenakho, le ndlela ikusiza ukuba kuthulile kuzindlela zokukhiqiza ngenxa yezinto eziphumelelayo. Ngokubangelwa, ukuthi kufanele modiwele akuyona kuphela okuhle kakhulu—kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kuthulile kuzindlela zokukhiqiza noma yiziphi izinto eziphumelelayo.

Amapheramusi Amaningi Ngenkinga Lokuhlola

Ama-Benchmark Zesi-Time Zekusasa Ngokuzange Kufanele Kuqala (MTBF)

Xa kufana na izigcimba zokwenza i-oksijeni ephumelelayo, i-Mean Time Between Failures noma i-MTBF ishukela njengoba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokubonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ziphiwe kanjani. Kabanzi, i-MTBF iyakithola ukuthi izigcimba zokwenza i-oksijeni zihamba ngeliphi xesha ngaphandle kokuthi zihlukane, lokhu kunceda abasebenzisi bokuplanisa lapho kudingeka ukwenziwa kwezilawuli kuthathwe kwenye ukuthi zilale ukukhala kwezokuphela. Okuthi kuyindleke ukuthi izimo zokulingana ne-MTBF zihlukahluka ngokulingana neteknoloji nezinhlelo zokwenza. Ezinye izinhlelo ezinhle zithi kuthi zingasebenza ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-150,000 ngaphakathi kwezifiso, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyimposa kodwa kudingeka ukuthi kutholwe ukuthi kuyinyani. Ukuthola izinombolo ezi-MTBF eziyisayo, abasebenzi benteleke ukuthi amachini abanjwe ngokuthi banezinto eziphumelelayo, bakhuthaze amavavanyo ngokugcwele xa ayivikela futhi basebenzise izinto ezifanele. Izilawuli eziphumelelayo zinezinyathelo eziphilayo - ukubuya izinto ngaphambi kokuthi ziyahluleke ngokugcwele futhi abasebenzisi babhalwe ukuthi bakhubekane nezilawuli nezilawuli kuhle kunezinyathelo. Lezi zinyathelo ziyakuphela kakhulu ukuthi i-MTBF ephakeme kuthi kungabi naluphi na isimo esingasengelwa xa imisebenzi iyashunqa ngokugcwele.

Amathshintshisi Wesihlangulelo Sokuhlananziswa Okudingekayo

Ukuba neqondo lokuhlinzwa ngokokuphela kakhulu kusiza ukugcina ubude bokusebenza kwezinhlayiya zokwenza i-oksijeni kanye nokusebenza kahle. Xa uhlela uhlu lwezinto okufanele udjeki, ungakhohlwa ukudjekwa kwekhiya, amafitra, kanye nazo zonke izinkqo ngokuphela. Bheka noma kukhona amathikithi noma izimotyo ehlukile ezakhiwa kuzo. Kufanele kuchazwe kahle kanye nezinhlelo zokontrola. Ukubuya amaphethini amathile njengokwehliswa amafitra ngemva kwalokho kanye nokuthiwa amasense ayichazwa kahle kusiza kakhulu ukugcina ubungako baleli zinhlayiya. Kunezinye izicelo eziqinisekisa lokhu futhi, amakhileya ngapansi ahlulela ukuthi kungaba ngu-30% okuhle kakhulu xa bathathe iqondo lokuhlinzwa ngokuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho bathenga ngamathime kancane xa bathenjelana nezikhuthazelo ezingahleliwe. Ngakho-ke ukudalela iqondo lokuhlinzwa oluphakeme lithemba kahle kanye nokomerci. Iziphumo zokusebenza zibe ngedlule, kodwa kukhona enye into engithanda futhi - ukwenza amagasi okuhle kanye nokuthula kancane kusiza ukutholiwa kwezinkinga ezingezona yini kancane kanye nokutholiwa kwezimali emva kwalokho.

Ukukhetha Okungavuthwa Kwamakhethi Elilimi Olungileyo

Ukubalaseka Izimo Ezitechekiseni Ngeemvume Yobhalisi

Ukukhetha umphumela woxijilelo lwezinhlanu kufanele ube neqile phakathi kweyayisebenza teknically neyayifakwe imali esikhundleni. Bheka indlela enhle umshini uyijikeleza ngayo i-oxijile kanti yimali ebalulekile kakhulu ngokulinganisa noma iyiphi ayifakwanga ngemali. Noma kunokuthanda ukuthambisa imali ngokuqala, abantu abayikhetha ubunzima bayaqala ukulalela kakhulu emva kwalanu. Ezinye izinhlobo eziphambene kakhulu ziyicost ethile ngokuqala, kodwa le mizuzwana ngokuvamile iyithinta kakhulu i-electricity engxekile kakhulu okwenza imali iyincane kwezinyanga. Ke ngaleyo ndlela, vumela ukuthi kubabe nezinhlobo ezincane, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela yokuphela noma kuthintana ngokuphela, okukuthi kunezinto eziningi okufanele kuthintwe kakhulu noma kungase kuthinteke.

Ukubuyisela Lapho Ngalapha Ngokusebenzisa Ukususa Ukuseta

Lokhu kuyikhetha igijeneretha le-oksijeni ngosizo lweqembu, ukuthuthukiswa kuyindlela. Amakhampeni angaphelela ukuthi kuholela kwe-oksijeni kwazo akhona ngokuthuthukisa imisebenzi, ngakho ukuthi ukuthola okuthuthukisa nazo kuyindlela. Bheka amasistimu enezinhlelo e-modular noma ezifisela kahle ngezinye iyunithi ezifakwayo emuva. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenzisa amakhani anengiweyo ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziphakathi. Kunezinkomba eziningi zokuthi amakhampeni abalwa ngaphambili ngokuthuthukisa zihamba phambili kwezinye ezingathini ukuthuthukisa kusukela esibhedleleni. Noma akukho muntu angathola cabanga yini ebusuku lizo, ukukhetha amagijanyo athuthukisa ngezinkinga ezingathini ayikhuthaze amakhampeni bese engatholanga itekitheni elidala lapho kuthuthukisa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngiyazi: Zingabi zindlela ezinikilayo ezikhathalayo i-Oxygen?

Ngizoba: Izindlela ezikhathalayo neminye imigomo njengezinhlanga ze-Healthcare, Metallurgy kunye ne-Chemicals zikhululwa ngokupheleleyo i-Oxygen kumigomo engcono yayingene kwiimbizo yamanje ngokubonisa nokutshona kwezinye izinto.

Ngiyazi: Zingavumelekanga ama-PSA kunye ne-VPSA technologies ngendlela yeoperation?

A: PSA iyiyo lokufundekela amandla esikhundleni kakhulu, ngakumbi VPSA iyahamba ngokubhebhekise kakhulu lapho kusebenziselwa ngokuphakamisayo yezilimi ephakathi.

Q: Ningathatha izicatshulwa ezimodulari ukuthi ziyenza ukusetyenziswa kwezihlanganyelwe kwezinjini zokukhula okwesintsha?

A: Izicatshulwa ezimodulari zingabuyelela ukusetyenziswa kwezihlanganyelwe, vumelene nezinesikhashana ukuya nokuhlala ngenqanawe kunye nokuvala umlando wemanzini.