Umthwakazi wokhuliselo oluninzi noma amanzi enkabi: yini ngaphandle kakhulu?

Ukufunda Ukusebenza KwemMboniso Wobuchecho

Isithunzi Esincinci Sokuthuthukisa Mboniso Kwisikhashana

I-Oxygen inhlawula isimo esincinci kwi-ndawo ezindabeni zokusebenza, ukuhamba ngokwesiphumo esisodwa kwindawo zikhefu ngezinye izindlela ezinethunywa njengesiyelelo lokusebenza, amaxhobo amanqaku, ukulayisha amanzi, kunye nokubungaza umphakathi. Kwisetyenziso sokusebenza kweziyelelo zakamasturi, i-oxygen uphendule imvume yokuqonda, uyathatha izinto eliphambili lokufundiswa kwesikhatsi sesikhombisa kunye nokuthiwa kakhulu. Lomsebenzi omncane waphinde uhlanganisa nezinhlobo zokukhupha amadoda okuhluke amanye amagama kunye nokubungaza umphakathi, apho i-oxygen uphendule ukusuka kwezinye izindlela zokukhupha amadoda, uzokusetyenziswa ngokukhulu kumthetho wokuhlola ukusasazeka, kunye nokuthi impahla yokushintsha yesithathu sifumanekileyo kuzihlabeleka ngokukhulu kwi-hospitale kunye nemikliniki, ungenzi lokho lokuhlala kakhulu kubalulekileyo kwezinsimbi zokubuyela kwezilimi. Izidingo eziphakeme lapho zingaba zikhona zikhuluma ngokuthi zingene zokuthola ngokukhululekileyo kwezindlela zokuthola i-oxygen ezindaweni.

Ukubonisa Ukusebenza Kwesi-Oxygen Ngesikhatsi Kunye Nezindingo Zokugcina

Ukukhetha kwezinto zokugcina nokugcwalisa okusiyo kusukela kumthetho omkhulu lomhlaba olungakuhlonipha ukuthi ngezinye izindlela ezinikezeli amaxhobo we-oxijen. Izindlela zakugcina okuqondisiwe ngokubanzi nokusebenza ngexesha lokulandelayo, njenge-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) nokuteknoloji yememe, zingabizana nokuhlola nokugcina emfikweni, uzokusetyenziswa nokuzihlanganisa amaxhobo asebenzi nokufundekelwa kwezikhatsi zokuthumela. Ukuphawula kwesikhephe sokugcina emfikweni kusukelela ukuba amaxhobo akhona ngenxa yokugcina, uzokususa amaxhobo amahhaleke angamalungelo angasuso esisindayo, njengokubhala okanye ukususo sokucacile. Okonjululiweyo, ukuhlala kwe-oxijeni eliqophile kakhulu lungenziwe ngokubanjwa ngempela kumthetho wendlela yakugcwaliswa enkulu. Imininingwane yesilathisi khetha ukuthi xa ukugcina emfikweni ungakwazi ukubuyiselwa ngempela lokusebenza kakhulu, ukuhlala kwe-oxijeni eliliqwele lingenziwe ngokubanjwa ngempela lokusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokuthi amaxhobo amahlulekileyo asetshenziswa ngokupheleleyo, njengesilathisi sakuxhasa nokuthiwe ngokuthiwe ngokuthi amaxhobo akhona ngokupheleleyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili kusukelela ukuthi umnandi wokusebenzela kakhulu.

Umthwakazi Wosithuthi Wesintu Ngenqanawe Yezibophelelo: Iindlela Zokuxhasa

Amamethodo Akwamukeli: Ukugcina Kwesikhatsi Sesikhephe Ngaphandle Kweminyaka Engaphezulu

Ukufunda amamethodo akwamukeli wesithuthi sesintu kukho imphilo yesiphumo esisidingayo kakhulu ngalokhu olungiseleyo. Ukugcina kwesikhatsi sesikhephe ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kweminyaka engaphezulu nge-Industrial oxygen concentrators ifanele ukusetyenziswa lokusebenzisa isithuthi sesintu ngendawo enhlanganyelwe yokusetshenziswa. Amathwakazi amahhalelwa ahlala ngokubonisa amaratesi angazihlanganisiwe ngokulandelana nokuhlonipha izinsuzo ezinhlelekileyo zokusebenza. Ngokushesha, i-logistics yokuqeqeshwa kwe-Liquid Oxygen inqakuveshi elilimi leliqinisekisi lomthwakazi wosithuthi sesintu elibonakaleyo ngokuthi kufanele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngokuhlola kakhulu. Lendlela ifanele ukusetshenziswa ngokupheleleni kakhulu ngokuthi kunikelwe ngokuthi kuyiqinisekisi lokusetshenziswa okuningi. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Oxygen Concentrator nokusetshenziswa kwe-bulk delivery ikhubazekile ngokuthi kudinga izinsuzo ezingasihlukaniselo, amagama amahhululekileyo, nokuhlola kakhulu kwe-supply.

Amazwangene kwezinto lokugcina: I-Gas engacubungwa ngokupheleleyo vs i-Tanks ezikryogenikhi

Izinyathelo zokugcina ziphakamise inqanawe kunye nefakelentfo yomsebenzi wesayensi lwe-oxijeni. Ukugcinwa komlilo wese-gas wenze ukuthi i-oxijeni lihlinzekiswe ngumoya omkhulu emihlaba, okufuna ukukholelwa kakhulu kwe-amandla nokuhlukanisa amasipho asesafani ahlukanisekileyo. Ngaphandle kwencane, i-tanks ezikryogenikhi ezisetshenziswa lokugcinwa komlilo we-oxijeni zifuna umlando wesintsha ukuze alinde imigomo elincinci lokulandelana nge-temperethure yemilimi yokwenza ukuthi i-oxijeni libe ngumlilo. Lwendawo lokusetshenziswa lokusebenza kufanele kube kuhluke amagama amabili abantu abangaphambili kodwa ifanele kakhulu labanye abahlali abaningizimu abahlanganisiweyo. Ukugcina kwaye akuyona into esingaziwayo; ubonisa ukuthi yilokhu olungapheli olunqanambileyo lokuzihlabeleka ezinyathelweni zokugcina ezifanele ukuba zithumele izinethi zokuthi zikhohlwe kwi-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) kunye ne-Compressed Gas Association (CGA).

Izinyathelo ze-Purity: Ukusetyenziswa kweStandards ezispecific zokudinga

Amalungu amaphandle kuhluke umphatho wokuthi ukukhetha ngokubonakali izinhlela zokusebenzisa amakhompiyenti ye-oxijeni yesintolo nazo zikwi-liquid oxijeni. Zonke i-injini yabelana nemigomo ezidingayo lwezimalungu esizidingayo ukuba zikhululekile nezinye zezindawo ezithunyelwe zisintolo. I-Compressed Gas Association (CGA) inhlawula amasiko amahle ukusure ukuthi amakhompiyenti kwezimalungu azibekise kwindawo ezidingayo lokusebenza kwisekhondlo. Ngokugcineni, ukuhlala ekuseni kufanele ukuphinde umphatho okuningi lwemimalungu, ulandelayo phakathi kwe-90-95%, elandelayo kunye namanye amaprosesing apho umphatho omphambili wemimalungu awunene. Ngokushesha, i-liquid oxijeni futhi ungenzi lempatho olungempela phakathi kwe-99%, okungcono ukuthi kuzofika kumthetho wezindlela ezinomsindo ngaphakathi komthezi lokusebenza nokugcina. Izindawo eziphumseleleyo zidlula amanani akho amaphatho apha ngokudinga lamanye amandla kunye nokusebenza kwazo.

Ukulungisa Kwephondo Ngezihlanga Ezinethethweni

Ukuthengisa Okwesikhatsi: Imibuyelo Yezinto Nomahluko Wezindawo

Kulesi sikhathi sokuhlola ukuthi okukhangelwe ngaphambi kokusebenza kwisezakhono esethemba amagama, kuhluke ukubonisa imali yokusebenza yezakhono zokusebenza uMholo weOksijini ngokwesaba ngezakhono zakugqibela i-Oksijini langalimi nokulandelana lwakhe. Izakhono ezifanele zokusebenza uMholo weOksijini zidinga imali encinci ngaphambi kokusebenza lokunye nawe lolu hlobo lwenkqubo. Kodwa, bazame ukususa ukufinyelela izindawo zokugcina namandla asekuhlwaneni lokusebenza i-Oksijini langalimi, olungabangako amandla akhothani kumgangatho okanye nokulandelana lwakhe. Ngokwesiphi lesicelo somphilo, ngokwesintshabaliso sakhe, ngoba imali yesikhwama sokusebenza sokuthatha umholo kungcono, imali yonke eyayitholakala kunjalo kungcono ngezinhlobo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kusebenzela i-Oksijini langalimi, efaka amatanki amacryogenic nokulandelana lwakhe. Ngakho ke, izindlela zasekhaya zizodibanisa isiqephu-siphumo esihlanganisiwe ngokupheleleyo nezikhankaso zabo zomsebenzi nokulandelana lwabo noma imali yakho.

Ukukhulula Umoya: Amavambo We-Electricity Apho Akhongonyaniswa

Ukubonisa okuhlukene nge-consumption yemfomelo yamanje yiindlela elinye lokugcina ngokupheleleyo kwiqhutywa ze-oxygen nezi-system zilandel’ umoya wase-oxygen. Iqhutywa ze-oxygen zihlukene ngokuthi amandla akho ayishayamile, uzokusetyenziswa kwezinye izikhathi ezinethemba nokuhlawula umoya omncane ngenqanawe yokusebenza. Zingabizwa ngokungcono nezi-dreams zokushintsha ukususa uhlangothi lwe-carbon. Ngakwesonto, i-system ze-liquid oxygen zimiswe amandla ekubeni awunyuzwa ngokupheleleyo phambi kokulandelwa komoya, uvumelana nokuthi kuhluke imali yesikhashana eside. Izibophezulu zokuxhasa zikhuluma ukuthi izimbongi ezahlukanise ukuthi ukufinyelela imali yokusebenzela kungaba indlela engcono ukuba ziqhutywa ze-oxygen zibe ngokwenze kakhulu. Ngaphandle, ukubona ukuthi kunikezeka kakhulu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesekhemini sokuhlola ukuthi ukuseta imigomo ephakeme yamanje, ukuseta i-system ezishayamileyo kuhlanganisa nokuthi uzobuyiselwa imali kunye nokuthi uzokuphatha isenzo sokuqala sesikhashana.

Iindlela zakusebenzela: Amafutha ngokuvamile kanye nothengiso olucacileyo lwamathanki

Ukufunda ukuthi amahlobo angapheli kwezisekelo zokusebenza eziningi zezisistemu zokususa okshoni lezi zikhoyo lokuhlola umsebenzi wokungena. Izinkonsentreti zokshoni zokusebenzela edolobheni zidinga ukukhokha ngokugcineni, kuningi lapho kube neentshaba zokuphucula ukuthola inkqubo nesibhedlela. Oku kungaba kudinga ukubheka ngokuphi ndawonye kodwa kuhluke kanye nokuzenzakalelayo futhi kumbi. Ngaphezulu, izisistimu ze-liquid oxygen zidinga ukungena kakhulu kwezilondolozi zokunyuswa kwemibhalo, oku kunjalo okungavumelekile. Iindlela ezahlukene eziphakeme amaxesha akhetho ababekho babenziwe ngokwabo ngokuba kakhulu kumalunti, ukuhlukanisa imigomo yakhe yasebenzela ukwenza ukubonisa uphawu lwesibonelo sokushintsha kanye nokulindela ukususa okshoni. Ngenxa yokuhlola iindlela ezifanele nezinga lezi zokukhokha, amalunti angazama ukukhetha isiphumo esizohlola ukuthi siphinde sihamba ngendlela esebenza ngokukhanya ukususa okshoni ngaphandle kokubhekisele.

Amamandla nokuhlola Amalawulo

Ukuphatha Ukuxhasa: Izixhaso Zokubhala Ngezinye Zokubhala Ngezinye

Ukusebenzisa kweoxygeni, lokhu okanye ngokwesiqephu noma ngokulandelayo, uyahlala ngesikhathi esizidingekayo esizodingezwa ngabesithathu. Oxygeni lesiqephu isebenza ukuphakamiswa kwemali ngokuthi kube nenkinga yokubhukuda yamatirhishini, umva wokuqaphelwe ngamakhalelo eziqhutywayo ngeSafety and Health Administration (OSHA). Ngaphezu kweno, oxygeni lesilandelayo icela amandla aziphumuleyo njengefrostbite noma amandla azibhukuda ngokuthi iyihlobane elandelayo. Idatha eziphumaleni khethelo ezifanayo zikhulula ukuthi imiphumela yesisekelo sokusebenza kweoxygeni ziyavakasha ngokungasuswa izinhlelano zokusafufa.

Amalawulo Okusebenza: Ukusuka Kwesikhwama Ngenkinga Lwenkinga Lesilandelana

Amaluzelo amaphandle kweoxygeni, okusenzeka ngokwesiqephu isiqephu sesiqephu soxyjeni, zidibanisa kunye neziqhuthulo ezizidingekileyo ngenqanawe kwezikhatsi ezifanelelwa phambi kokuthumela. Ngokushesha lokusebenza, izicelo zezindawo eziphakamisayo, ukulabela kunye nokuhlola kwesikhwama sikhlone sisebenzisa ukuze kube uyimfihlo othuthukiseyo olungabafundi. Izigasini ezincwalisiswe kufuneka zibaleke amaluzelo amahhhe ngokubanjiswa ukuvula amaqhathu noma ukuphuma. Amaluzelo amadibanisa ukuba izikhatsi zezilondoloziwe zizidingekise lapho zithuthukise izikhatsi ezinomsindo. Iindlela zakhozo zingaba ziyahlukanisa iindlela ye-onge site oxygen generation esitenjisiweyo, okuyingene ukubonakala nokuthuthukisa ukuthi akukho ukugcina ukuthumela kakhulu kunye neziqhuthulo ezidingekileyo ezidluliswayo, ngokwesikhathi sokuthi kudinga ukwenza kuhluke kwezinye izilondolozi. Ngokushesha lokusebenza, ukubuya kwezimaluzelo ezidingekileyo kukuningi ukuthi kudinga ukubuyeleyo kunye nokubaleka ukuthi umsebenzi wakho ube usizo kunye nokuthi akukho ukuphazamiseko kwentlanzi.

Amaluzelo Akudingekileyo Okusenziwe Ngokwesigaba

Amane amahhula angamathathu ngezimo ezifanekayo kwiqhathaniso lokusebenza ngenqanawe, esinikwe yindlela yokusebenza kunye nezilungelo zokuhlola esisodwa sisekisekise. Kwesihloko somphilo, izicatshululo ezincinci zihlala ukuthi le qhathaniso lapho lizenzeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwinqanawe yale qhathaniso ngokuphakameyo, kunezinye izikhatsi ezithile njengeFood and Drug Administration (FDA). Isekhensi nezinhlanga zakhe ayiqhathaniso lokusebenza noma lokuhlola kuzo zonke izigaba lokuhlola kunye nokuhlelwa kwenqanawe yenqanawe yokusebenza. Ukufanelela kakhulu kulesi sicwangciso sikwazi ukuba kungenani nalokho okuyingxenyeko kanye nokubaluleka kwezinto ezidingekayo ukuthi uzityelele umncedisi wokusebenza. Ngexemplo, ziqukethwe ukukhipha amandla kunye nokuhlola ukuthi iindlela zisebenzi zikhona ngokubizoku. Iziko labasebenzi kufuneka bakwazi ukubala ngezicatshululo ezisodwa sezindaweni kunye nokufakelwa kweziningi zabo kwindawo yokusebenza ukuthi bakwazi ukufanelela.

Ukukhetha Ukusetyenziswa Kwemfanelo WeQhathaniso

Iindlela Zenqanawe Yoholo Kakhulu

Kwiindawo zethu zethelweni apho ukusetyenziswa kwezinye eziqephu eliphambili lapho amaxhobo asebenza ngokupheleleyo, ukukhetha okungakhotholiyo kunye nokuthathu. Izindawo ezinikezelwe njengamahospitali, izindlela zokusebenzela, kunye nezindawo zokuhlaba labo labo abasebenzise ukuze umoya wendlovu usetyenziswa ngokubandakanya. Ngokushesha, amahospitali angene nge-COVID-19 pandemic yakhiwa ngamaxesha akanye nokuba amasistimu angayazi ukusetshenziswa ukuba asetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ukwamukela imithombo yokugcina. Ukukhetha lokunyekwayo, iindawo zethu zazikhetha phakathi komoya wesiqephu lesiNgesi kunye nezindawo zokuhlanganisa ukusetyenziswa (PSA). Amasistimu komoya wesiqephu lesiNgesi sibonisiwe ngokulula yayo yokugcina kunye nokuhlola lokulandelana, esebenza lokuncane kumahluko emagqweleni wezindawo ezikulu lokusebenza. Isiboniselo esikhundleni sokuthi Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital eZambia sezivumelela ukuthi ukufakwa komoya wesiqephu lesiNgesi kakhulu kunye nokuhlola lokulandelana nge-PSA ezihlukene zikhethwe ukuthi zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nomoya wendlovu.

Amaxesha Akanye Ngenkatho

Amaphrojekthi ahlukene kahle ngokwesikhatsi sokugcina khona zidinga iziphethelo ezifanelekayo somoya ongenziwa ukuvumela umphathiso nokulula amagugu. Iziphumo zikhe, njengezisebenzi zakutshisa okudla kunye nempumelelo yamafu, zibonakale imigomo ezingabuyisana ngokubhekisisa lokuhlukaniswa. Ngokushesha, iziphrojekthi zakutshisa okudla zingadinga umoya kuphakathi komkhakha wesithathu, njengemva kokuthiwa okanye kokuphucula. Lapho ke, iimigomo esincinci, ezimodeli, njengemikhasi yokuhlanganisa umoya wendawo yasezindlu zizihlobene ngokwenzeka ukufinyelela uphawu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lemigomo iyiphawulekile yomsebenzi wenqanawe kunye nokufinyelela ngokwesikhatsi sokuhlukaniswa, uzokusure kambe umoya ngexesha lokungene lapho kudinga ngaphandle kokunyusa usobizo noma ukusuka.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ngubani inqubo yesiphumo somoya kwisezindlu?

Umoya ubungakho kwisezindlu, ubheke phakathi kwemibuzo njengesiyingizi lesiyo, uhluko lwamakhwenkwe, kunye nephiwo lezinhlanhleni, ungeneleyo lokunciphisa umncedisi wokubhala, ukusukelela umbuyiseliso obuchemnisi, kunye nokuthola icala lokuhlola ukufundziswa.

Ngaphi na kufanele izindawo zokukhetha phakathi kwemibuzo yokuhlola nokugcina amagcinisi weoxyjeni?

Izindawo zokusebenza zakukhetha phakathi kwemibuzo yokuhlola nokugcina amagcinisi weoxyjeni ngoba okunye lokho luvumelela amandla angaphakathi, ukuhlala ngendlela enjalo, kunye neziqiniso zezilungu ezifanayo, ezikhokha lembuzwana yomsebenzi wokusebenza ngokuphephile.

Ji nini ukudifana kokuthi iyo koncentrathela yesintu sakuxhaswa sasemibuzweni difane kakhulu nenokuthiwe oxyjeni eliqinisekisi likhona?

Amakonsethela yesintu sakuxhaswa sasemibuzweni sihlola oxyjeni esikuhlonipheni sikusukekeliwe kumncedisi engaphezulu, ngakho ke nokuthiwe oxyjeni eliqinisekisi lihlola kakhulu libe ngaphandle komncedisi omkhulu ngoba kukhona imigomo eziphumaphuma nokugcina.

Kuyini amagcinisi nokubeka kwindawo yokusebenza kweoxyjeni?

Amagcinisi nokubeka kwindawo yokusebenza kweoxyjeni kulula ukubekwa kokuthatha nokuthiwe umthwalo, ukubizisa amalawulo asemsindo, kunye nokubekiswa ngeamandla nokubeka esisodwa sokusebenza.